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Archaeobotanical data as a tool for understanding history of synanthropic vegetation - a methodological study focused on traits of plants
Mrkvičková, Kateřina ; Pokorná, Adéla (advisor) ; Látková, Michaela (referee)
Archaeobotanical data are often a mixture of material of different origins. The formation process of archaeobotanical records can often be different. Hence it is important to understand the structure of these fossil records before the data are used for various reconstructions and interpretations. The aim of my diploma thesis is to identify the taphonomic causes of differences between synanthropic species from different archaeological sites using plant traits. The greatest differences between sets of species in archaeobotanical situations are due to the way of preservation, ie. between charred and non-charred (waterlogged) macro-remains. My diploma thesis is based on data from the Archaeobotanical database of the Czech Republic. I focused on the Middle Ages, which is the best period in terms of the number of species and the number of sites. Using multidimensional analyses, I examined the structure of archaeobotanical data and then selected a relevant dataset to examine the differences in species composition between different types of conservation. After that I correlated the results with the species traits. I found that the structure of archaeobotanical data is very heterogeneous. In each of the two types of conservation, different species are preserved. These species are characterized by a...
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Tropické pavilony zoologických zahrad jako životní prostor pro necílové organizmy (pavouky) - komplexní studie
Pešan, Vojtěch
This thesis focuses ontopic regarding: „Tropical pavilions in zoological gardens as living space for nontargeted species (spiders) – complex study” is focused on generic diversity of original and non–native species (mostly spiders) in tropical and subtropical pavilions of zoological gardens in Brno and Prague. The final goal of this thesis is to gather information in local pavilions and terrariums and determinating generic diversity especially in non–native species of spiders. Collecting samples was done by land–falling traps and on a few occasions by hand. Collected samples of invertebrates species were then determinated. Main goal was to determinate, which local rare species of local and mostly non–native species occur in zoological gardens. After the determination was done the most occured species were Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Koch, 1841) in Brno ZOO and Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1826) in Prague ZOO. The most interesting findings were Heteroonops spinimanus (Simon, 1892), Theotima minutissima (Petrunkevitch, 1929) a Prodidomidae Simon family, 1884, which occurence were in Czech Republic not yet recorded. Furthermore were found few species which are in Czech Republic rare, primarily Nesticodes rufipes (Lucas, 1846).
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Fauna nepôvodných bezstavovcov tropických skleníkov botanických a zoologických záhrad sveta a Českej republiky - review
Pažitková, Petronela
The following bachelor thesis with the topic: ,,Non-native invertebrate fauna of tropical and subtropical greenhouses in botanical and zoological gardens of the world and Czech Republic – review“ is concentrating on summarization of found researches, parrticularly in Czech and Slovak Republic, after that their brief comparison with some european and other countries of the world. The thesis is divided into four main sections. In the first section is a further explanation of basic concepts related to our thesis and a short characteristics of the most significant invertebrate groups. The following section is focused on the surveys that were done in botanical and zoological gardens mainly in Czechia and Slovakia, in short, foreign researches are also mentioned. Additionally, the following section is devoted on the measures againts the invasions and it also asks a question, if these species may be somehow useful. In the last section, we have compared these surveys with each other. We can observe a regularity of the occurence of some species, or on the other side, rare findings within the regions.
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Tropické pavilony zoologických zahrad jako životní prostor pro necílové organizmy
Pešan, Vojtěch
This bachelor theses deals with the topics: Tropical pavilions in zoological gardens as a living space for non-target organisms and it is focused on investigation of synatropic spider species in zoological gardens of the Czech Republic. The main aim was to complete all available information about particular pavilions, glasshouses and basement of ZOOs and the information whether are these conditions suitable for colonisation by non-target organisms. Main part was a sample collecting of free living spiders in basement and pavilions of ZOOs, which are not a part of visible part of the exhibitions. These samples were identified to the species level. The most interesting info was whether are there present our native rare species or even species new for the territory of the Czech Republic. After identification was found, that the most common species were mainly Achaearanea tepidariorum (Koch, 1841) and Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775). The most interesting was a find of Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) and Tegenaria parietina (Fourcroy, 1785) as a new species for the Czech Republic. It was also found several species, which were recorded in the Czech Republic, but which are very rare, mainly Triarieris stenaspis Simon, 1891.
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Occurrence of invasive plant species on slected locations of north-eastern part of Prague
Šebesta, Václav ; Holec, Josef (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
This thesis deals with the invasive plants in the northeastern part of the Prague. Data were obtrained from the monitoring during September 2015. The nomenclature of the species were united by Key to the Flora of the Czech Republic by Kubát et al. (2002).
A total of 18 species were found in 561 locations. The most numerous species from all locations include: Conyza canadensis (207 locations), Solidago canadensis (147), Robinia pseudoacacia (125), Symphoricarpos albus (89) and Parthenocissus inserta (77). The least numerous are: Pinus strobus (1), Reynoutria bohemica (6), Impatiens parviflora (7) and Rhus hirta (9). Five species from the designed species list were not found: Heracleum mantegazzianum, Reynoutria sachalinensis, Impatiens glandulifera, Senecio inaequidens and Rudbeckia laciniata.
Species that were most represented along the roads include: Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea, Conyza canadensis and Aster lanceolatus and A. novi-belgii.
Invasive species occurred in 75.6% in sunny locations, in 17% in the penumbra and in 7.5% in the shadow. In dry or drier water regime were found 90.5% of the species. 94.5% of the species were found in sandy and loamy soil. Low degree of coverage up to 10% of the area was found in about 50% sites of invasive species occurrence, average degree were 30% was found in 25% and a high degree of coverage was found in 25% sites of invasive species occurrence.
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